Sains Malaysiana 52(8)(2023): 2287-2296
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5208-09
Solvent Effect
on the Phenolic Compounds and Biological Activity of Difference Morinda
citrifolia Root Extract
(Kesan Pelarut pada Sebatian Fenol dan Perbezaan
Aktiviti Biologi Ekstrak Akar Morinda citrifolia)
IDRIS ADEWALE AHMED1, FASIHUDDIN BADRUDDIN AHMAD2, GWENDOLINE CHENG LIAN EE3,
SIAU HUI MAH4 & NOR HISAM ZAMAKSHSHARI2,*
1Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR),
Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology,
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Semarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
4School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
3 Februari 2023/Diterima: 26 Julai 2023
Abstract
Cancer
and antimicrobial resistance have become a threat to global health and
development. This work aimed to identify the biological activities and phenolic
compounds content of different Morinda
citrifolia L. root
extracts. The relationship between biological activities and phenolic content
was also discussed. All extracts were screened for antioxidant activity using
anti-oxidant assays (FRAP, DPPH, TAOC, ABTS, and BCB) and quantitative
phytochemical analyses (TPC). Antimicrobial activity against four bacterial and
two fungal strains as well as cytotoxic activities on stomach cancer (SNU-1),
colon cancer (LS-174T and HT29), leukemia (K562), and breast cancer
(MDA-MB-361) cell lines were also performed. With a value of 122.789 g of
gallic acid equivalent/mg extract, the dichloromethane extract had the highest
total phenolic content (TPC). The extract also showed high antioxidant
activities in all the antioxidant assays and antimicrobial activity. The FRAP
(r2 = 0.962) as well as antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus
aureus (r2 = 0.708), Bacillus subtilis (r2 = 0.890) and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (r2 = 0.870) were strongly correlated with the total phenolic
content. The LS-174T, K562, HT-29, and MDA-MB-361 cytotoxic activities were
also strongly correlated with the total phenolic content with r2 = -0.899,
-0.845, -0.981, and -0.978, respectively. The results obtained suggested that
the dichloromethane extract of Morinda
citrifolia has high biological activity compared to other extracts.
Keywords: Antimicrobial;
antioxidant; cytotoxic activity; Morinda citrifolia; root
Abstrak
Kanser
dan perintang antibiotik telah menjadi ancaman kepada kesihatan manusia dan
pembangunan global. Penyelidikan ini dilakukan adalah bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti aktiviti biologi dan kuantiti
kandungan sebatian fenol pada ekstrak akar kayu Morinda citrifolia L. yang berbeza. Hubungan antara aktiviti biologi dan kandungan fenol turut
dibincangkan dalam kajian ini. Kesemua ekstrak akan disaring untuk aktiviti
anti-oksidan menggunakan asai anti-oksidan (FRAP, DPPH, TAOC, ABTS dan BCB) dan
analisis fitokimia kuantitatif (TPC). Penyaringan aktiviti antimikrob terhadap
empat strain bakteria dan dua strain kulat serta aktiviti sitotoksik pada sel
kancer perut (SNU-1), sel kanser kolon (LS-174T dan HT29), leukemia (K562) dan
karsinoma payudara (MDA-MB-361) juga turut di jalankan. Ekstrak diklorometana menunjukkan jumlah
kandungan fenol (TPC) yang tinggi iaitu 122.789 g asid galik setara/ekstrak mg.
Ekstrak diklorometana juga menunjukkan aktiviti antioksidan yang tinggi dalam
semua asai antioksidan dan juga perencatan antimibrob aktiviti yang tinggi.
Jumlah kandungan fenol menunjukkan korelasi yang tinggi dengan FRAP (r2 =
0.962) serta aktiviti antimikrob terhadap Staphylococcus
aureus (r2 = 0.708), Bacillus
subtilis (r2 = 0.890) dan Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (r2 = 0.870). Aktiviti sitotoksik, LS-174T (r2 = -0.899), K562
(r2 = -0.845), HT-29 (r2 = -0.981) dan MDA-MB-361 (r2 = -0.978) juga menunjukkan korelasi yang tinggi dengan jumlah
kandungan fenol. Hasil uji kaji yang diperoleh menunjukkan ekstrak
diklorometana Morinda citrifolia mempunyai aktiviti biologi yang tinggi berbanding dengan ekstrak lain.
Kata
kunci: Akar kayu; antimikrob; anti-oksidan; Morinda
citrifolia; sitotoksik
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: znhisam@unimas.my
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